For as
the body without the spirit [pneuma] is dead, so faith without works is dead
also. (James 2:26)
Pneuma
can also mean ‘breath’, as in the following:
And
then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will consume with the
breath [pneuma] of His mouth and destroy with the brightness of His coming. (2 Thessalonians 2:8)
Now
after the three-and-a-half days the breath [pneuma] of life from God entered
them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them. (Revelation 11:11)
He
was granted power to give breath [pneuma] to the image of the beast, that the
image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the
image of the beast to be killed. (Revelation
13:15)
The role of ‘breath’ in the creation of man (Genesis
2:7) is addressed in the next section, but evidently I think it reasonable to
replace ‘spirit’ with this word in James 2:26.
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